Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
Petroleum Microbiology mainly involves the study of Microorganisms that can metabolize crude or refined petroleum products. Microorganisms can also degrade hydrocarbons with the involvement of methanogenic archaea, bacteria, and few fungi. Bioremediation is the main process which deals with the treatment process of contaminated media including water and industrial wastes. This field purely explains about the mechanism involved for the degradation of hydrocarbon with the help of microbial sensors to upgrade the purity of the petroleum waste. There is a new trend in petroleum Microbiology which makes use of genetically modified Bacteria for the further treatment process of the petroleum refined products.
Nanotechnology is the current trends which combine with microbiology for the treatment of the infectious disease. Though the microbes are micron in size it has its greater role in the determination of the contaminants and the harmful bacteria which is naked to eye present in any food products. Innovations in nanotechnologies and nanosciences have an important impact in bio diagnostics methods, where an abundance of nanoparticle-based assays and nanodevices have been introduced for biomolecular detection. silver nanorods have been developed for rapid detection of the levels of viruses with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. In this emerging field of Nanotechnology, cancer cells can be destroyed by remote activation of intracellular nanoparticles.
Exo Microbiology is the scientific discipline that focuses on the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe. Exo Microbiologist also is known as Astro Microbiology which is an emerging field in the study of microorganisms in space and space like environment. The current research tells that UV radiation is the main factor which causes the microbes to survive for short lifespan. The only microbe that survived in UV is lichens. UV dosimeter is an instrument that detects the level of ionizing radiation which helps the other microbes to survive in the space. This mainly deals with the survival of the microbes in the harsh environment and the experimentation of the types of microbes in the planets and its future mission.
Nosocomial infections are often caused by infection control practices and procedures, unclean and non-sterile environmental surfaces. The most common types are surgical wound infections, respiratory infections, genitourinary infections, and gastrointestinal infections. The main reason to transmit is through direct contact from the hospital staff, insufficient sterilized instruments, solid or liquid particles droplets from other ill patients or from the food or water provided at hospitals. The Prevention of Nosocomial infections mainly includes personal hygiene and awareness about the infection from the side of hospital staff. The main criteria for the prevention are complete sterilization of medical equipment and providing a clean, sanitary environment. This mainly discusses the microbes involved in the Nosocomial infections and its mechanisms. Current research is going on Nosocomial bloodstream infections that causes mortality and morbidity and certain microbes are used for treating hospital-acquired infections.
Impedance microbiology mainly determines the technique used to measure the density number of bacteria and yeast by monitoring the electric parameters of the growth medium. With the help of impedance microbiology, pathogenic bacteria that cause foodborne diseases can be detected. Through the method of impedance microbiology, the shelf life of processed catfish can antimicrobial present in it can be analyzed. Nearly eighty strains of bacteria are determined by the impedance measurements. This method can also be used to determine the growth of bacteria in other liquid media. There is also certain instrumentation called bactometer used for the detection of bacterial contamination which is an emerging trend in today's world.
Marine Microbiology mainly involves the study of microorganisms in the marine environment with their biodiversity, ecology, and biogeochemistry. Metagenomics describes the study of genetic material directly recovered from the environment. This Metagenomics can reveal the abundance and composition of marine microbial ecosystems. There are certain viruses in marine which multiplies inside the organism's cell which acts like an infectious agent. These viruses can affect the plants, animals including bacteria and archae. These microbes can survive by adapting to any environmental conditions. Microbes present in marine can be further useful for drug discovery is the new trend in marine microbiology.
Veterinary Microbiology mainly determines the study of microorganism that is involved in causing the infectious disease to domesticated animals that supply food and other useful products. There is a certain disease which spreads to both human and domesticated animals. Veterinary medicine is the new concept which deals with the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of diseases attacked to domesticated animals. This veterinary microbiology also explains us the method of sanitizing the site of infection in animals. Veterinary science helps human health by analyzing and control of infectious diseases transmitted from non-human animals to humans.
Aero microbiology involves the study of microorganisms that are suspended in air and they are also referred to as bioaerosols. Once suspended in the air these microbes can travel long distances with the help of wind and precipitation, increasing the occurrence of disease by these microorganisms. There are different microbes in the air such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, yeast, and protozoans. In order to survive in the atmosphere, it is vital for the microbes to survive in the harsh climatic conditions. In these many of the microbes have the capacity to adapt in harsh condition by forming endospores, which can withstand extreme conditions. An integrated micro optofluidic method is used to determine the microbes present in the air.
Medical Microbiology is concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the infectious disease. In this field of science, various clinical application of microbes can be used for the improvement of health. There is also a type of infectious protein called prion which is an infectious agent totally comprised of protein material that can fold completely causing a viral infection. Zika virus is caused by the virus transmitted from Aedes Mosquitoes. The new finding has been studied in Zika virus that how they cause the malfunctions of the babies in mother womb. There are certain diagnostic methods and treatment for this viral infection.
Cellular Microbiology forms a bridge between microbiology and cell biology. This mainly uses pathogenic microbes as a tool for cell biology research and methods to understand the pathogenicity of microbes. The most important subject in this category is cytoskeleton which is present in all cells of microbes. Many microbes modify and influence the synthesis or degradation of the host cell cytoskeleton. Recently, the field of Cellular Microbiology has been expanded to incorporate investigation of the cell biology of microbes and to reveal a high level of organization within the bacterial cells themselves.
Microbes like bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoan represent a major threat to human health and its well being. In this many of the microbes are for young, elderly people, immune-comprised or critically ill individuals, as well as patients with physiological or dermatological disorders. Human Microbiome Project has been started to identify the millions of organisms living on, in the human body and the roles played by the microbes in health and diseases. Coral Microbiology is an emerging field which involves the prevention of worldwide destruction of coral reefs.
Soil microbiology deals with the study of microorganisms in soil and how they affect its properties. The bacteria fix the nitrogen and release oxygen in the atmosphere. This factor led to more advanced microorganisms. Each of groups of microorganisms has characteristics that define them and their functions in soil. Apart from soil viruses,archae and bacteria are in a small amount. There are certain applications of microbes in agriculture, commercial activity, and pilot project. Modern soil microbiology mainly determines the new findings of microbes present in the soil. With the help of microbes, the groundwater level can be increased which will solve the future crisis of water.
Industrial microbiology mainly involves the use of microbes for the production of industrial products in large quantity. Fermentation is the breakdown of larger sugar molecules into smaller one. The science of fermentation is known as zymology. This process is mainly used in beverages company with lactic acid fermentation. The medical application of industrial microbiology involves the production of new drugs synthesized in a specific organism for medical purposes. Production of Antibiotics is necessary for the treatment of many bacterial infections.
Food microbiology involves the study of microorganisms that create or contaminate food, food spoilage. Probiotics are microorganisms causes health benefits when consumed. With the help of these organisms, fermented food products like cheese, yogurt, beer, wine can be produced and used as a Probiotics. Food safety is the main focusing area of food microbiology to destroy the microorganisms that cause infectious pathogenic diseases. There are certain biopolymers that are produced from the microorganisms. Microbes have both negative and positive side.
A biofilm comprises any group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often to a surface may be living or nonliving. These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular polymeric substances. The formation of biofilm initially starts with the attachment of free-floating microorganisms to surface. There is a certain developmental process for the biofilm. Biofilms are usually found on solid surface submerged in the aqueous solution. These biofilms also cause diseases in human organs. This mainly discusses the prevention process of the biofilm. These biofilms are mainly developed in the clinical samples.
General microbiology mainly deals with the general principles of microbiology. There are certain topics which are included are energy and nutrient harvesting, control of microorganisms, introduction to viruses. This also mainly includes the fundamentals of microbiological techniques, scientific investigation and discovery and the various hypothesis and postulates which relates their findings with the existing microbes. genetic engineering majorly plays its role in determining the characteristics of microbes.
Agricultural microbiology is a branch of microbiology that deals with plant-associated microbes and, plant and animal diseases. It also deals with the microbiology of soil fertility, such as microbial degradation of organic matter and soil nutrient transformations. There are certain roles of microbes such as nutrient transformation, decomposition of plant and animal tissue and in microbial antagonism. Biofertilizers are mainly produced with the microbes which degrade the waste which can be replaced in place of chemical fertilizers.
Pharmaceutical microbiology is a branch of applied microbiology which mainly involves the study of microorganisms used for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. The other aspects are research and development of anti-infective agents and the use of microbes in detecting mutagenic and carcinogenic activity in prospective drugs and in the production of pharmaceuticals products like insulin and human growth hormones. There are certain aspects that to be followed in pharmaceuticals like drug safety. Antimicrobial activity and disinfection are the methods which are used to determine the contaminants in drug products.
Forensic microbiology is the investigation of microorganisms to decide the way of a flare-up, the personality of a criminal or the starting point of a specific strain of natural weapon or virus. Measurable microbiologists tunnel far beneath the noticeable world to discover natural markers covered up in the DNA of all living issue. These markers, known as "microsatellites," recognize designs in DNA that assistance decides everything from a man's individual character to the immediate connection between two apparently unique episodes of nourishment harming in various parts of the nation. Only a couple of hundreds of years prior, the plain thought that living issue, imperceptible to the exposed eye, even existed was pseudo-logical claptrap. Today, microbiology is at the cutting edge of human wellbeing and counterterrorism. Measurable microbiologists contemplate qualities, pathogens, and viruses in an endless battle to keep individuals safe and to track the individuals who bring them harm
Geomicrobiology is the scientific field at the intersection of geology and microbiology. It concerns the impact of organisms on land and geochemical procedures and the other way around. Such collaborations happen in the geosphere (rocks, minerals, soils, and residue), the climate and the hydrosphere. Applications incorporate aquifers and open drinking water supplies.