International Conference on
Advanced Microbiology and Research

Microbiologist-Azerbaijan Medical University, Azerbaijan

The causative agent of tularemia -Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) is especially dangerous pathogen with a wide host range. Tularemia is widespread throughout the northern hemisphere, including Azerbaijan its neighbors to the north. Tularemia was one of the diseases monitored by the system of Anti-Plague laboratories established in Azerbaijan. The project in framework (Ecological and epidemiological study of Yersinia pestis and F. tularensis in the Gusar and Khachmaz regions of northern Azerbaijan) were studied the ecology and epidemiology of tularemia as a re-emerging infectious disease in the world with a focus on Azerbaijan. 1269 tick pool samples were extracted and tested for F. tularensis tul 4 and fop A Tularemia targets using analytic molecular methods. Positive samples presumptive for tularemia were tested at Republican Anti-Plague Station (RAPS) laboratory. All diagnostics procedures were performed in 2nd level BSC and BSL-2 facility.Real-time PCR was used to run submitted extracts (purified DNA) to detect Tularemia using R.A.P.I.D. and Bio-Rad equipment. PCR test and result analysis was performed based on RAPID protocol and IT kit (target 1 and 2 detection kits) and protocol, which laboratory staff prepared a master mix (MM) for tul4 and fop A Tularemia targets inserts. PCR test was performed on 2 targets simultaneously. As a result, 1,217 tick pool were negative for F. tularensis both targets (fop A and tul4). 15 tick pool samples were positive only for tul4 and 15 only for fop A. 12 confirmed results were obtained. There is a need to expand epidemiological studies of F. tularensis sources and improve of diagnostics (molecular-genetic level) to differentiate. Detailed genetic and geographical analysis of F. tularensis cultured from humans with disease can identify geographical sources of infection and dispersal patterns. Additionally, the evolution, replication history and other population genetic parameters of F. tularensis may be inferred.

She did her B.Sc. and M.Sc. of food Science & Technology in Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University. Now she is a PhD Students of food Science & Technology in Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Iran. She is very interested in research and also a lecturer in the Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University.

Introduction: Milk is a very complex colloidal dispersion and the quantities of its main components differ tangibly in various races of mammals. All milk contains some levels of somatic cells. When there is bacterial infection, tissue damage or other inflammation processes affecting the mammary tissue the number of somatic cells count in milk increases dramatically. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of somatic cell count of ewe milk from Shal breed on chemical and physicochemical properties of raw milk. Fifty pure-breed 3-year old ewes of Shal breed in their late lactation were randomly selected. In physicochemical properties (pH, Titratable acidity) and chemical composition (fat content, crude protein, lactose) and the content of nitrogen fractions of raw ewe milk samples were determined in two somatic cell levels(low<500,000 cells/ml and high>500,000 cells/ml). Results showed that increases in somatic cell count significantly improved its pH (P<0/01). Milk fat was also increased as the number of somatic cell increased (P<0/05). Milk protein was also increased by increasing of somatic cell count (P<0/01). But lactose content significantly reduced (P<0/01) and had no tangible effect on acidity or on nitrogen fraction. The present research showed that the number of somatic cells during milk secretion has a significant relationship with the protein, fat, and lactose content which alter during udder infection. This change in the main components of milk can create different conditions in raw milk both during its production and subsequent processing. Therefore, close attention must be paid to these infections and have to say So far no one has reported the effects of somatic cells on the raw milk of this specific breed.

Derese Hailu with expertise in: Public Health, Pharmacy and Infectious Diseases

Background Asymptomatic pharyngeal colonization by potential bacteria is the primary reservoir for bacterial species within a population and is considered a prerequisite for development of major childhood diseases such as sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. However, there is dearth of data on the colonization and drug resistance pattern of the main bacterial pathogens in the pharynx of HIV infected children in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study determined the pharyngeal colonization and drug resistance profile of bacterial pathogens in HIV infected children attending ART clinic of Felegehiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH), Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Methods A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2016 to June 2017 at the ART clinic of FHRH. A total of 300 HIV infected children were enrolled in the study. Data on socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants were collected with face-to-face interview and patientÐcard review using structured questionnaire. Bacterial species were identified using standard bacteriological techniques. Drug susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion technique. Chi-square test was done to determine associations among variables. Results The median age of the participants was 11 years. Overall, 153 (51%) of children were colonized by respiratory bacteria in their pharynx. Colonization rate was higher in children from mothers who had attained college and above levels of education than others (P = 0.04). It was also higher in children without the sign of malnutrition than others (P = 0.004). The colonization rate of S.aureus, M.catarrhalis, S.pneumoniae and H.influenzae were 88 (29%), 37 (12.3%), 31 (10.3%) and 6 (2%), respectively. S.aureusÐM.catarrhalis concurrent colonization was found in 14 (4.7%) of children. Age (P = 0.03), schooling (P = 0.045) and history of running nose (P = 0.043) were significantly associated with S.aureus colonization. Living in urban setting (P = 0.042) and children from mothers with college and above levels of education (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with M.catarrhalis colonization. Majority of the isolates were resistant to penicillin (68.5%) and cotrimoxazole (52.5%).S.aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin (84.1%) and cotrimoxazole (51.1%).M.catarrhalis isolates were resistant to penicillin (94.6%), erythromycin (86.5%)and cotrimoxazole (78.4%). Overall, 99 (59.3%) of the isolates were multi-drug (MDR) resistant. The overall MDR rates among S.aureus, M.catarrhalis and S.pneumoniae isolates were 65.9%, 78.4% and 22.6%, respectively. Conclusions Pharyngeal colonization of respiratory bacteria in HIV infected children is a major public health problem. Single and multiple antibiotic resistant is alarmingly high among respiratory colonizers. Therefore, regular screening of HIV infected children for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing is recommended to prevent the development of severe opportunistic infections.